Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in Georgia: Overview

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) involves assessing the genetic information of an embryo in a laboratory setting by utilizing a tiny cell sample obtained from embryos developed through in-vitro fertilization (IVF).

The term PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing) is now more commonly used than PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis), which was more prevalent in the past. In practice, it pertains to the genetic analysis of embryos in particular circumstances, such as the potential risk of inheriting a genetic disorder.

PGT can serve multiple functions, including the screening for numerical chromosomal abnormalities and the assessment of specific single-gene disorders. The selection of the appropriate test is based on the couple's medical and genetic background.

2) In what ways are these methods applied during the IVF process?

PGD/PGT can be viewed as an assessment phase incorporated into the standard IVF procedures. The usual process typically proceeds as follows:

Ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval (OPU)

In-laboratory fertilization (IVF/ICSI) and embryo growth.

Biopsy (sample collection) and genetic testing of the embryo at the suitable stage.

Based on the findings, the plan for embryo selection and transfer (whether fresh or frozen)

The length of genetic testing can differ based on the technique employed and the laboratory's structure. In certain instances, it may be advisable to freeze embryos and schedule their transfer once the test results are obtained.

The objective at these stages may be to assist in choosing a more appropriate embryo according to the clinical circumstances; however, no test or treatment method ensures pregnancy.

3) What makes Georgia a favored option?

Georgia ranks as a favored destination for many patients because of its accessibility and straightforward planning process. Although individual preferences may differ, the most commonly considered factors include:

Geographic closeness and ease of access — brief flight durations from Turkey and comparatively straightforward travel arrangements.

Cost/planning equilibrium — Package pricing and expedited appointment scheduling offered at select centers.

Center diversity — The laboratory facilities and range of services differ across various clinics.

Communication and language assistance — Certain clinics may offer Turkish/English coordination.

When selecting a clinic, it is essential to consider factors such as the quality of the laboratory, the experience of the team, transparent reporting, and medical suitability, rather than focusing solely on location or cost.

4) For whom might it be appropriate?

PGD/PGT is not routinely necessary for every IVF procedure. It may be considered, if deemed suitable by the physician, in the following circumstances:

Risk of genetic disorder — A family background of a recognized single-gene condition or potential carrier status.

Recurrent pregnancy loss — To be regarded as an alternative option in certain instances following causal assessment.

Advanced maternal age — Given that the risk of chromosomal abnormalities is recognized to rise with age, it is essential to engage in planning through a physician's assessment.

Repeated unsuccessful attempts — This can offer further insights in certain couples while exploring the underlying causes.

Strong male factor — Circumstances in which certain genetic risks may require evaluation.

The suitability determination is tailored according to medical history, test results, embryo quantity, and the couple's objectives. Genetic counseling can be essential at this stage for accurately understanding potential outcomes.

5) Possible benefits and drawbacks

The possible contributions and constraints of PGD/PGT should be examined collectively. The table below offers a general framework:

During the decision-making process, it is beneficial to ask your doctor to specify what question the test aims to address (risk reduction, diagnostic objective, transfer planning?).

6) Factors to contemplate prior to treatment

The following elements can contribute to making the process safer and more predictable prior to initiating treatment:

Preparation of medical records — Prior IVF attempts, surgical procedures, sperm analysis, hormone evaluations, ultrasound findings.

Genetic counseling — Comprehensive information regarding family history, carrier screening, and the extent/limitations of testing.

Written confirmation of the test scope — specifying the type of PGT to be conducted, the format of the report, and the method for addressing uncertain results.

Laboratory standards — Inquiries should be made regarding factors such as the experience of the embryology team, quality assurance processes, and the success rates of freezing and thawing.

Travel and time schedule — A practical timeline for medication, appointment dates, egg retrieval, and possible transfer dates.

Communication plan — Identifying who will be contacted, the channels used, and the frequency of communication throughout the treatment process.

7) Conclusion and concise cautionary note

In Georgia, IVF and PGD/PGT procedures may serve as options that assist some couples in planning or managing specific genetic risks. Nevertheless, the most reliable method is to make a decision tailored to your unique medical circumstances, in collaboration with a specialist physician and genetic counselor.