PGD and PGT for IVF in Tbilisi, Georgia

If you are researching embryo genetic testing, you may see terms such as PGD, PGS, PGT and NGS. Some are older terms, and others describe different tests or laboratory methods. At Clinic Atlas in Tbilisi, we discuss which options may be relevant to your medical and family history.Embryo testing may provide information about specific genetic or chromosome findings. It cannot guarantee implantation, pregnancy, birth or a healthy baby.

What Do PGD, PGS, PGT and NGS Mean?

PGT Is the Current Umbrella Term

Preimplantation genetic testing, or PGT, is the general term for testing embryos created through IVF before transfer. The specific test depends on the genetic question being considered.

PGD and PGS Are Older Terms

PGD is an older term that may be used broadly for testing embryos for inherited conditions. For a known single gene condition, the more specific term is PGT for monogenic conditions.PGS is an older term for chromosome number screening. The current specific term is PGT for aneuploidy.

PGT for Aneuploidy

PGT for aneuploidy checks the number of chromosomes in the cells sampled from an embryo. It does not test for every genetic condition. It is not suitable or necessary for every IVF patient, and it cannot guarantee a higher chance of having a baby.

PGT for Monogenic Conditions

PGT for monogenic conditions may be considered when a specific inherited condition or gene change is known in a family. A genetics specialist can help review the diagnosis, inheritance pattern and testing options before IVF begins.

PGT for Chromosomal Structural Rearrangements

PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangements may be discussed when a prospective parent has a known chromosome rearrangement. The test looks for related chromosome changes in the sampled embryo cells.

What Is NGS?

Next generation sequencing, or NGS, is a laboratory technology that may be used to analyze genetic material. It is not a type of PGT by itself. The method used depends on the test and laboratory. We can explain which testing method is available for your case.

How Does Embryo Genetic Testing Work?

IVF and Embryo Development

PGT is performed as part of IVF. Eggs are collected and fertilized in a laboratory. If embryos develop, the embryology team monitors them and determines whether they may be suitable for biopsy and testing.

Embryo Biopsy

For some tests, a small sample of cells is taken from an embryo, often when it reaches the blastocyst stage. Biopsy and testing have limitations. Some samples may not produce a clear result, and in some cases an embryo may be damaged.

Laboratory Analysis and Results

The laboratory analyzes the sampled cells for the specific finding being investigated. Results may be conclusive, inconclusive or mosaic. A mosaic result means that the sampled cells show different chromosome findings.A result from a small sample may not represent every cell in the embryo. We will discuss what the result can tell you and what it cannot establish.

Embryo Transfer

Embryos may be frozen while testing is completed. Whether an embryo is considered for transfer depends on the test result, clinical assessment and applicable laboratory guidance. Testing does not ensure that an embryo will implant or result in a birth.

Who May Consider PGT?

When May PGT for a Known Condition Be Discussed?

PGT for monogenic conditions or chromosome structural rearrangements may be discussed when a known genetic diagnosis or chromosome change is present in a family. A specialist may recommend genetic counseling to review the condition, testing accuracy and other reproductive options.

Is PGT for Aneuploidy Right for Everyone?

No. PGT for aneuploidy is not a routine test for every IVF cycle. Its potential benefits and limitations depend on individual circumstances, and it has not been shown to improve the chance of having a baby for all patients. Age, miscarriage history or previous unsuccessful IVF by themselves do not establish that the test will be beneficial.

What Are the Limits of Embryo Testing?

Can PGT Guarantee a Healthy Baby?

No. PGT looks for specific findings in the cells tested. It does not screen for every genetic condition, developmental difference or health concern. Results can also be inconclusive or inaccurate.Depending on the result and your circumstances, your specialist may discuss additional testing during pregnancy. We encourage you to review the limits of testing with a fertility specialist and, when appropriate, a genetic counselor.

Discuss Genetic Testing with Our Team in Tbilisi, Georgia

At Clinic Atlas in Tbilisi, we can discuss your medical history and the questions you may wish to ask about embryo testing. Contact our team to find out what information to prepare for an individual consultation.